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LA COMPOSIZIONE DELLA MATERIA

La chimica è la disciplina che studia:

• la struttura e la composition of matter
• the changes that matter undergoes
• 's energy involved in the transformation of matter

SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES

The matter is made of atoms, and may be in the form of:

• mixtures (or mixtures)
• substances (or substances as well)

MIXTURES

mixtures are a physical set of two or more substances, and may be:

• heterogeneous : not have a uniform composition and components are easily distinguishable.
• homogeneous : have uniform composition and the components are indistinguishable (eg sea water, wine, air). They are also called solutions.

The material consists mainly of mixtures.

METHODS OF SEPARATION

separating a mixture into its component pure substances are obtained.

These are the most widely used methods of separation:

• Filtration : separates the components of a heterogeneous mixture by exploiting the different particle size, and is accomplished by passing the mixture through a filter paper.
• Distillation : separating a mixture by exploiting the different boiling temperatures. It can be simple (separation of liquid from solid-liquid solution) or fractional (separation of liquid from liquid-liquid solution).

• chromatography : Get the speed with which the different components of the mixture migrate through a support material under the pressure of a stream of solvent.

• Centrifugation : due to the difference in density between the components of the mixture using centrifugal force.

• solvent extraction: is achieved by exploiting the solubility of one substance of the mixture in a given solvent.